COMPLEMENTARY LEADERSHIP AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF GROUP MEMBERS
Keywords:
SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT, COMPLEMENTARY LEADERSHIPAbstract
The concept of territoriality has had wide documentation in animal behavior. (3, 6, 11, 12) . In this area its essential meaning has been the preemption or, at least, dominance of a given physical area by an animal, and his defense of this area against all intruders. By implication, it has also conveyed the idea of "rivalry" or "struggle'.' attendant upon the adversary efforts of two or more animals
to occupy a desired area or to contest its present occupant's claim to it. Further, the attainment of such a desired area is often related to a social or power position in the society or group of which he is a part.
References
ALTMAN , I. ""Territorial behavior in humans: An analysis of the concept." Paper presented at Conference .on Exploration of Spatial·Behavioral Relationships as Related to Older People. Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 1968.
ALTMAN, I. AND HAYTHORN, W. • " T h e ecology of isolated groups." Behavioral Science, 1967, 12, 169.182.
ARDREY, R. 'The 'Territorial Imperative. New York: Atheneum, 1966.
BASS, BERNARD M. AND KLUBECK,.S. "Effects of seating arrangements in leaderless group discussions. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1952, 47, '724727.
BION, W. R. Experiences in Groups. New York: Basic Books, 1959.
CARPENTER, C. R. "Territoriality: a review of concepts and problems." In Anne Roe and G. G. Simpson (Eds.) Behaviour and Evolution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.
CHURCHILL, L. C. "Aggression in a small group setting." Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, 1961.
ESSER, A., et al. "Territoriality of patients on a research ward." Recent Advance in Biological Psychology. New York: Plenum Press, 1965.
HARE, A. P. AND BALES, R. F. Seating position in small group interaction. Sociometry, 1963, 26, 480-486.
HEARN, G. "Leadership and the spatial factor in small groups." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1957, 269-272.
HEDIGER, H. P. " T h e evolution of territorial behavior." In S. L. Washburn (Ed.) Social life of early man. New York: Wennergren Foundation, 1961.
HOWARD, D. Territory and bird life. London: Collins Publication Company, 1948.
SOMMER, R. ""The ecology of privacy." T h e Library 2uarterly, 36, 1966, 234248.
SOMMER, R. "Further studies in small group ecology." Sociometry, 28, 1965, 337.348.
H. SOMMER, R. "Leadership and group geography." Sociometry, 24, 1961, 99.110.
SOMMER, R. "Man's proximate environment." Journal of Social Issues, 22, 1966, 5 9 7 0 .
SOMMER,' R. "Small group ecology." Psychological Bulletin, 6 7 , 1967, 145152.
STEINZOR, BERNARD. " T h e spatial factor in face•to•face discussion groups. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 45, 1950, 522555.
WILMER, HARRY A. "Graphic ways of representing some aspects of a therapeutic community." Symposium of Preventative and Social Psychiatry, Washington: Government Printing O i c e , 1957.
WINICK, C. AND HOLT, H. "Seating pos1t1on as non-verbal communication in group analysis'.' Psychiatry, 24, 1961, 171.182.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Psychodrama, Sociometry, and Group Psychotherapy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.