COMPLEMENTARY LEADERSHIP AND SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT OF GROUP MEMBERS

Authors

  • BERNARD G. ROSENTHAL Author
  • ALTON J. DELONG Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12926/prdweb19

Keywords:

SPATIAL ARRANGEMENT, COMPLEMENTARY LEADERSHIP

Abstract

The concept of territoriality has had wide documentation in animal behavior. (3, 6, 11, 12) . In this area its essential meaning has been the preemption or, at least, dominance of a given physical area by an animal, and his defense of this area against all intruders. By implication, it has also conveyed the idea of "rivalry" or "struggle'.' attendant upon the adversary efforts of two or more animals
to occupy a desired area or to contest its present occupant's claim to it. Further, the attainment of such a desired area is often related to a social or power position in the society or group of which he is a part.

References

ALTMAN , I. ""Territorial behavior in humans: An analysis of the concept." Paper presented at Conference .on Exploration of Spatial·Behavioral Relationships as Related to Older People. Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 1968.

ALTMAN, I. AND HAYTHORN, W. • " T h e ecology of isolated groups." Behavioral Science, 1967, 12, 169.182.

ARDREY, R. 'The 'Territorial Imperative. New York: Atheneum, 1966.

BASS, BERNARD M. AND KLUBECK,.S. "Effects of seating arrangements in leaderless group discussions. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1952, 47, '724727.

BION, W. R. Experiences in Groups. New York: Basic Books, 1959.

CARPENTER, C. R. "Territoriality: a review of concepts and problems." In Anne Roe and G. G. Simpson (Eds.) Behaviour and Evolution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1958.

CHURCHILL, L. C. "Aggression in a small group setting." Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, 1961.

ESSER, A., et al. "Territoriality of patients on a research ward." Recent Advance in Biological Psychology. New York: Plenum Press, 1965.

HARE, A. P. AND BALES, R. F. Seating position in small group interaction. Sociometry, 1963, 26, 480-486.

HEARN, G. "Leadership and the spatial factor in small groups." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 1957, 269-272.

HEDIGER, H. P. " T h e evolution of territorial behavior." In S. L. Washburn (Ed.) Social life of early man. New York: Wennergren Foundation, 1961.

HOWARD, D. Territory and bird life. London: Collins Publication Company, 1948.

SOMMER, R. ""The ecology of privacy." T h e Library 2uarterly, 36, 1966, 234248.

SOMMER, R. "Further studies in small group ecology." Sociometry, 28, 1965, 337.348.

H. SOMMER, R. "Leadership and group geography." Sociometry, 24, 1961, 99.110.

SOMMER, R. "Man's proximate environment." Journal of Social Issues, 22, 1966, 5 9 7 0 .

SOMMER,' R. "Small group ecology." Psychological Bulletin, 6 7 , 1967, 145152.

STEINZOR, BERNARD. " T h e spatial factor in face•to•face discussion groups. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 45, 1950, 522555.

WILMER, HARRY A. "Graphic ways of representing some aspects of a therapeutic community." Symposium of Preventative and Social Psychiatry, Washington: Government Printing O i c e , 1957.

WINICK, C. AND HOLT, H. "Seating pos1t1on as non-verbal communication in group analysis'.' Psychiatry, 24, 1961, 171.182.

Downloads

Published

2025-01-19

Issue

Vol. 25 No. 1-2 (1972): Group Psychotherapy, Psychodrama, and Sociometry

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Psychodrama, Sociometry, and Group Psychotherapy

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

You are free to:

  1. Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
  2. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.

Under the following terms:

  1. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
  2. NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
  3. NoDerivatives — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
  4. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Notices:

You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.

No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.